Window size TCP checksum – The sender generates a checksum and transmits it in every packet header.Control flags – TCP uses nine control flags to manage data flow in specific situations, such as the initiating of a reset.Reserved data – The reserved field is always set to zero.TCP data offset – This specifies the size of the TCP header, expressed in 32-bit words.It increments this number according to the number of bytes received. Acknowledgment number – The receiving device maintains an acknowledgment number starting with zero.Sequence number – A device initiating a TCP connection must choose a random initial sequence number, which is then incremented according to the number of transmitted bytes.Destination port – The receiving device’s port.Source port – The sending device’s port.Each header holds information about the connection and the current data being sent. TCP wraps each data packet with a header containing 10 mandatory fields totaling 20 bytes (or octets). The client receives the SYN/ACK packet and responds with an ACK packet of its own.Īfter the connection is established, TCP works by breaking down transmitted data into segments, each of which is packaged into a datagram and sent to its destination. The server responds with a SYN/ACK packet, acknowledging the receipt of the connection request.A client sends the server a SYN packet-a connection request from its source port to a server’s destination port.The process can be broken down as follows: Establishing a TCP connection: the three-way handshakeĮstablishing a TCP connection requires that both the client and server participate in what is known as a three-way handshake. Together, the two protocols are referred to as TCP/IP. IP is responsible for sending each packet to its destination, while TCP guarantees that bytes are transmitted in the order in which they were sent with no errors or omissions. TCP operates with the internet protocol (IP) to specify how data is exchanged online. TCP is the underlying communication protocol for a wide variety of applications, including web servers and websites, email applications, FTP and peer-to-peer apps. The transmission control protocol (TCP) is the internet standard ensuring the successful exchange of data packets between devices over a network. What is the transmission control protocol (TCP)
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